The Ancient Cemetery of the Lido in Venice was built in 1386: due to its favorable location just across the lagoon, the cemetery was occasionally used for defensive and military purposes. Many tombstones were lost, destroyed or reused, others were moved to a more internal area of the lagoon, which in 1774 became the official cemetery known as "New Cemetery". Venetian tombstones are artifacts rich in history, poetry and art. Their study allows us not only to rebuild the lives and the fortunes of the community members, but also to detect meaningful aspects of the literary and artistic culture of that time. This work is a catalogue of all the 1240 tombstones incorporated in the "Ancient" cemetery of the Lido. Each gravestone presents an analysis of the architectural style of the tombs as well as the kind of stone used and an assessment of his condition, a description of the coat of arms if engraved on the stone, a paleographic analysis of the writing, a note about the poetic and grammatical features of the text and a historical commentary detailing any relevant information found in the community death records. Transcriptions and translations of the epitaphs from Hebrew to Italian have been also added for 410 tombs. This analysis is supplemented with a detailed study of the history of the cemetery and the Jewish community of Venice, as well as the poetry of epitaphs, the paleography and art. This last topic has been further explored through an architectural analysis of the tombstones and a study on the Hebrew heraldry in light of the emblems engraved on the stones of the Venetian cemetery. ; L'ancien cimetière du Lido de Venise a été construit en 1386. En raison de son emplacement favorable, juste en face de la lagune, le cimetière était parfois utilisé à des fins défensives et militaires. De nombreuses pierres tombales ont été perdues, détruites ou réutilisées, d'autres ont été déplacées vers une zone plus interne de la lagune, qui est devenue en 1774 le cimetière officiel connu sous le nom de «Nouveau cimetière». ...
L'Antico Cimitero a Lido di Venezia sorse nel 1386, ma venne utilizzato regolarmente solo a partire dal 1516, anno dell'istituzione del ghetto. La sua posizione favorevole fece sì che nel corso del tempo esso venisse all'occasione sfruttato per esigenze difensive e militari. Molte lapidi andarono perse, distrutte o riusate, altre vennero trasportate in un altro terreno, che dal 1774 divenne il cimitero ufficiale noto come "Cimitero nuovo". Le lapidi veneziane sono manufatti ricchi di cultura: il loro studio permette non solo di ricostruire la vita e le vicende dei membri della comunità, ma anche di rilevare importanti aspetti della cultura letteraria e artistica dell'epoca in quanto molti epitaffi, composti spesso da importanti rabbini, sono scritti in versi, rima e ritmo e le lapidi in molti casi hanno un'architettura ricca ed elaborata con incisi simboli araldici particolari. Questo lavoro consiste in una catalogazione di tutte le 1240 lapidi (frammenti compresi) che a tutt'oggi costituiscono il cimitero "Vecchio" del Lido. Per ognuna di esse ho elaborato una scheda dettagliata che delinea lo stile architettonico della lapide, il tipo di pietra utilizzata e una valutazione del suo stato di conservazione, una descrizione dello stemma che eventualmente è inciso sulla pietra, un'analisi paleografica della scrittura, una nota riguardante le caratteristiche poetiche e grammaticali del testo e un commentario storico, che principalmente riguarda le notizie riportate nei registri dei morti della comunità. Per 410 lapidi sono state inoltre realizzate le trascrizioni e le traduzioni dall'ebraico all'italiano dei relativi epitaffi. Il lavoro di descrizione ed edizione delle lapidi è arricchito da studi approfonditi riguardanti la storia del cimitero e della comunità ebraica di Venezia, la poesia degli epitaffi, la paleografia e l'arte, che include sia un'analisi architettonica delle lapidi, sia uno studio dell'araldica ebraica alla luce degli stemmi gentilizi incisi sulle pietre del cimitero veneziano ; The Ancient Cemetery of the Lido in Venice was built in 1386, but it was regularly used only from 1516 onwards, when the Ghetto was established. Due to its favorable location, the cemetery was occasionally used for military purposes. Many tombstones were lost, destroyed or reused, others were moved to a more internal area of the lagoon, which in 1774 became the official cemetery known as "New Cemetery". Venetian tombstones are artifacts rich in history, poetry and art. Their study allows us not only to rebuild the lives and the fortunes of the community members, but also to detect meaningful aspects of the culture of that time. A substantial number of epitaphs are written in verse, rhyme and rhythm, and tombstones show a refined and elaborate architecture engraved with peculiar heraldic symbols. This work is a catalogue of all the 1240 tombstones (fragments included) incorporated in the "Ancient" cemetery of the Lido. Each gravestone presents an analysis of the architectural style as well as the kind of stone used and an assessment of his condition, a description of the coat of arms if engraved on the stone, a paleographic analysis of the writing, a note about the poetic and grammatical features of the text and a historical commentary detailing any relevant information found in the community death records. Transcriptions and translations of the epitaphs from Hebrew to Italian have been also added for 410 tombs. This analysis is supplemented with a detailed study of the history of the cemetery and the Jewish community of Venice, as well as the poetry of epitaphs, the paleography and art. This last topic has been further explored through an architectural analysis of the tombstones and a study on the Hebrew heraldry in light of the emblems engraved on the stones of the Venetian cemetery ; L'ancien cimetière du Lido de Venise a été construit en 1386. En raison de son emplacement favorable, juste en face de la lagune, le cimetière était parfois utilisé à des fins défensives et militaires. De nombreuses pierres tombales ont été perdues, détruites ou réutilisées, d'autres ont été déplacées vers une zone plus interne de la lagune, qui est devenue en 1774 le cimetière officiel connu sous le nom de «Nouveau cimetière». Les pierres tombales vénitiennes sont des artefacts riches en histoire, en poésie et en art. Leur étude nous permet non seulement de reconstruire la vie et les événements des membres de la communauté, mais également de détecter des aspects significatifs de la culture littéraire et artistique de l'époque. Cet ouvrage est un catalogue de toutes les 1240 pierres tombales incorporées dans le cimetière «Ancien» du Lido. Chaque fiche présente une analyse du style architectural des tombeaux ainsi que le type de pierre utilisé et son état de conservation, une description du blason gravé sur la pierre, une analyse paléographique de l'écriture, une note sur les caractéristiques poétiques et grammaticales du texte et un commentaire historique avec les information trouvées dans les registres de morts de la communauté. Les transcriptions et les traductions des épitaphes de l'hébreu à l'italien ont également été ajoutées pour 410 tombeaux. Cette analyse est complétée par une étude détaillée de l'histoire du cimetière et de sa communauté, ainsi que de la poésie des épitaphes, de la paléographie et de l'art. Ce dernier sujet a été approfondi par une analyse architecturale des pierres tombales et une étude inédite sur l'héraldique juive.
The Ancient Cemetery of the Lido in Venice was built in 1386: due to its favorable location just across the lagoon, the cemetery was occasionally used for defensive and military purposes. Many tombstones were lost, destroyed or reused, others were moved to a more internal area of the lagoon, which in 1774 became the official cemetery known as "New Cemetery". Venetian tombstones are artifacts rich in history, poetry and art. Their study allows us not only to rebuild the lives and the fortunes of the community members, but also to detect meaningful aspects of the literary and artistic culture of that time. This work is a catalogue of all the 1240 tombstones incorporated in the "Ancient" cemetery of the Lido. Each gravestone presents an analysis of the architectural style of the tombs as well as the kind of stone used and an assessment of his condition, a description of the coat of arms if engraved on the stone, a paleographic analysis of the writing, a note about the poetic and grammatical features of the text and a historical commentary detailing any relevant information found in the community death records. Transcriptions and translations of the epitaphs from Hebrew to Italian have been also added for 410 tombs. This analysis is supplemented with a detailed study of the history of the cemetery and the Jewish community of Venice, as well as the poetry of epitaphs, the paleography and art. This last topic has been further explored through an architectural analysis of the tombstones and a study on the Hebrew heraldry in light of the emblems engraved on the stones of the Venetian cemetery. ; L'ancien cimetière du Lido de Venise a été construit en 1386. En raison de son emplacement favorable, juste en face de la lagune, le cimetière était parfois utilisé à des fins défensives et militaires. De nombreuses pierres tombales ont été perdues, détruites ou réutilisées, d'autres ont été déplacées vers une zone plus interne de la lagune, qui est devenue en 1774 le cimetière officiel connu sous le nom de «Nouveau cimetière». Les pierres tombales vénitiennes sont des artefacts riches en histoire, en poésie et en art. Leur étude nous permet non seulement de reconstruire la vie et les événements des membres de la communauté, mais également de détecter des aspects significatifs de la culture littéraire et artistique de l'époque. Cet ouvrage est un catalogue de toutes les 1240 pierres tombales incorporées dans le cimetière «Ancien» du Lido. Chaque fiche présente une analyse du style architectural des tombeaux ainsi que le type de pierre utilisé et son état de conservation, une description du blason gravé sur la pierre, une analyse paléographique de l'écriture, une note sur les caractéristiques poétiques et grammaticales du texte et un commentaire historique avec les information trouvées dans les registres de morts de la communauté. Les transcriptions et les traductions des épitaphes de l'hébreu à l'italien ont également été ajoutées pour 410 tombeaux. Cette analyse est complétée par une étude détaillée de l'histoire du cimetière et de sa communauté, ainsi que de la poésie des épitaphes, de la paléographie et de l'art. Ce dernier sujet a été approfondi par une analyse architecturale des pierres tombales et une étude inédite sur l'héraldique juive.
